八问马岩松 ，日常项目深度报道：MAD“四叶草之家”/Eight questions about Ma Yansong, daily project in-depth report: MAD "House of Clover"

MAD在日本设计的幼儿园里有个老房子

MAD has an old house in a Japanese-designed kindergarten

MAD在日本的第一个作品，四叶草之家，在经过近一年的建造后，已于今年四月完工并已投入使用。四叶草之家位于日本爱知县冈崎市，是一所由家族经营的儿童教育机构。为了向社区更多少儿提供教育服务，幼儿园的经营者当初决心将全家居住多年的家拆了，在原有的地块儿上建起新的幼儿园。对于这个诉求，MAD创始合伙人马岩松说：“我觉得为这座幼儿园创造家庭的氛围很重要，所以我们决定不直接建造全新的建筑，而是保留原有建筑的木结构，让它成为新空间记忆和灵魂的一部分。” MAD的设计保留了原房屋的主体木结构，并在外部加建白色的“帐篷外壳”，形成了充满未来感的内外开阔、整体围合的家庭尺度空间，使孩子们可以在这座同时拥有过去、现在、未来的场所中学习、成长。

MAD’s first work in Japan, the House of Four-Leaf Clover, was completed and put into use in April this year after nearly a year of construction. The Four Leaf Clover House is located in Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is a family-run children's educational institution. In order to provide educational services to more children in the community, the kindergarten operators were determined to demolish the home where the whole family lived for many years and build a new kindergarten on the original plot. In response to this request, MAD founding partner Ma Yansong said: "I think it is important to create a family atmosphere for this kindergarten, so we decided not to build a new building directly, but to retain the wooden structure of the original building and make it a new space. Part of the memory and soul.” MAD’s design retains the main wooden structure of the original house, and adds a white “tent shell” on the outside to form a futuristic, open and integral family-scale space inside and outside, which will help children We can learn and grow in this place that has the past, present and future at the same time.

1、在幼儿园现场访问时发现所有的空间都有视线关联，楼层分隔的感觉被弱化，老房子也只留下了架构，没有隔墙。而多数的幼儿园都是封闭的教室，确保孩子注意力的集中以及不同学年的孩子不会互相干扰。请问幼儿园中的“自由”和“通透”在设计时是基于怎样的考虑？

1. During a site visit to the kindergarten, it was found that all the spaces are connected to the line of sight, the feeling of floor separation is weakened, and the old house only leaves the structure without partition walls. Most kindergartens are closed classrooms to ensure that children's concentration and children of different school years will not interfere with each other. What are the considerations for "freedom" and "transparency" in the kindergarten?

幼儿园的业主最初想拆掉自己的房子来盖这个幼儿园，所以设计时，我一直想着“同一屋檐下”这个理念，就是让它要有家庭的感觉。和传统幼儿园教室被隔开不一样，在这个幼儿园里“生活”的感觉，那种“同一屋檐下”、“大家庭不会被分割开”的感觉很重要。老房子的木框架被保留，新房子的部分结构和老房子的结构稍微脱开，之间的空隙也用上了。比如屋顶空隙的地方做了一个小的有台阶的藏书阅读空间，还有楼梯。整个空间就像是一个大账篷，把新旧空间结构包裹在里面。新的白色外壳将老房子包裹是该项目的主要特点之一。 然而“包裹”势必会造成一些建筑处理上的难点，比如会产生一些不规则且狭小的空间，比如改变了老建筑的体量感从而打破了和原有街道的关系。

The owner of the kindergarten originally wanted to demolish his own house to build this kindergarten, so when designing, I always thought of the concept of "under the same roof", which is to make it feel like a family. Unlike the traditional kindergarten classrooms are separated, the feeling of "living" in this kindergarten, the feeling of "under the same roof" and "the big family will not be divided" is very important. The wooden frame of the old house is retained, part of the structure of the new house is slightly separated from the structure of the old house, and the gap between them is also used. For example, there is a small book-reading space with steps and stairs in the gap of the roof. The whole space is like a big tent, wrapping the old and new space structure inside. The new white shell wrapping the old house is one of the main features of the project. However, "wrapping" will inevitably cause some difficulties in architectural processing, such as irregular and small spaces, such as changing the volume of old buildings and breaking the relationship with the original streets.

2、请问基于什么理由选择了“包裹”，并如何看待形成的非规则场所？

2. What are the reasons for choosing "package" and how to treat the irregular places formed?

首先，幼儿园的檐口的高度跟旁边房屋的差不多，从沿街的高度往后自然往上发展，房子现在的形体是这附近中最大的。它的屋脊可能高了一些，但无论从街道上、还是远处看其实不会显得突兀。幼儿园的色彩和材质跟周围的建筑不一样，但我觉得没关系，因为幼儿园就应该是一个让小孩有点小激动的地方。如果学校很有意思，小孩可能每天都会期盼上学。这一片区，幼儿园的左边是一排的老房子，在右边街的对面是新建的房子，新房子前面是空地，幼儿园前面是一片稻田，这样整体一看，就可以看出在规划周围的邻里关系时是有过考虑的。而幼儿园的入口好像一个山洞，从三层一下降到了一层，也是从街道尺度考虑，整体更舒服一些。

First of all, the height of the cornice of the kindergarten is about the same as that of the neighboring house. It naturally develops from the height along the street back and forth. The current shape of the house is the largest in this neighborhood. Its ridge may be higher, but it won't look abrupt from the street or from a distance. The color and texture of the kindergarten are different from the surrounding buildings, but I think it doesn’t matter, because the kindergarten should be a place where children are a little excited. If school is interesting, children may look forward to school every day. In this area, on the left side of the kindergarten is a row of old houses, on the right side of the street is a newly built house, in front of the new house is a vacant lot, and in front of the kindergarten is a rice field. The relationship was considered. The entrance of the kindergarten is like a cave, descending from the third floor to the first floor. It is also more comfortable from the street scale.

3、户外对幼儿是具有吸引力的。请问在幼儿基地面积较小的情况下如何考虑与平衡室内外的关系？

3. Outdoors are attractive to young children. How to consider and balance the relationship between indoor and outdoor in the case of a small child base?

幼儿园场地不大，所以我们只在幼儿园前面很有限的地方设计了一个小花园，花园里面会种一棵树，加上从二层到一层的滑梯，滑下来的时候是在树荫下，这个空间就是其中一个室外活动地方。

The kindergarten site is not large, so we only designed a small garden in a very limited area in front of the kindergarten. There will be a tree planted in the garden, plus a slide from the second floor to the first floor. This space is one of the outdoor activities.